全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1318篇 |
免费 | 130篇 |
国内免费 | 209篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 256篇 |
废物处理 | 18篇 |
环保管理 | 117篇 |
综合类 | 702篇 |
基础理论 | 86篇 |
污染及防治 | 148篇 |
评价与监测 | 231篇 |
社会与环境 | 47篇 |
灾害及防治 | 52篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 37篇 |
2022年 | 45篇 |
2021年 | 60篇 |
2020年 | 57篇 |
2019年 | 37篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 47篇 |
2015年 | 52篇 |
2014年 | 82篇 |
2013年 | 76篇 |
2012年 | 103篇 |
2011年 | 106篇 |
2010年 | 90篇 |
2009年 | 95篇 |
2008年 | 61篇 |
2007年 | 85篇 |
2006年 | 76篇 |
2005年 | 66篇 |
2004年 | 50篇 |
2003年 | 32篇 |
2002年 | 39篇 |
2001年 | 38篇 |
2000年 | 37篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 32篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 14篇 |
1995年 | 30篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1657条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
141.
142.
研究化学元素在枯、丰、平三个水季悬浮态、可溶态、沉积态的含量变化。以黄梨树水文站作为动态观测点,三年观测得出水化学要素、重金属元素及稀有、稀土元素变化最大的是丰水季;悬浮体相当于枯水季的250倍;悬浮态和可溶态元素含量(原水)同样形成丰水季>平水季>枯水季的趋势;而可溶态元素含量(过滤水)各个水期无大的变化差异。沉积物在三个水季中元素含量变化差异也较小,但有机质相反,含量出现枯水季>平水季>丰水季这样的规律。 相似文献
143.
144.
针对江苏省环境监测站标准化建设达标前期验收工作中发现的问题,指出严格验收标准,严把验收质量关,不仅是环境监测工作向深度和广度发展的需要,更是环境管理的需要。提出硬件必须到位,有足够的人员经费,一定的环境监测能力,人员素质和专业技术人员的结构比例,是环境监测标准化建设的核心,各省辖市环境保护局在对所辖县(市)环境监测站标准化建设达标验收预审时尤应注意。 相似文献
145.
Kuang YW Zhou GY Da Wen Z Liu SZ 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(4):270-275
Goal, Scope and Background Rapid urbanization and the expansion of industrial activities in the past several decades have led to large increases in emissions
of pollutants in the Pearl River Delta of south China. Recent reports have suggested that industrial emission is a major factor
contributing to the damages in current natural ecosystem in the Delta area. Tree barks have been used successfully to monitor
the levels of atmospheric metal deposition in many areas, but rarely in China. This study aimed at determining whether atmospheric
heavy metal deposition from a Pb-Zn smeltery at Qujiang, Guangdong province, could be accurately reflected both in the inner
bark and the outer bark of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.). The impact of the emission from smeltery on the soils beneath the trees and the relationships of the concentrations
between the soils and the barks were also analyzed.
Methods Barks around the bole of Pinus massoniana from a pine forest near a Pb-Zn smeltery at Qujiang and a reference forest at Dinghushan natural reserve were sampled with
a stainless knife at an average height of 1.5 m above the ground. Mosses and lichens on the surface barks were cleaned prior
to sampling. The samples were carefully divided into the inner bark (living part) and the outer bark (dead part) in the laboratory,
and dried and ground, respectively. After being dry-ashed, the powder of the barks was dissolved in HNO3. The solutions were analyzed for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and cobalt
(Co) by inductively coupled plasmas emission spectrometry (ICP, PS-1000AT, USA) and Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by graphite
furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS, ZEENIT 60, Germany). Surface soils (0–10 cm) beneath the sample trees were
also collected and analyzed for the selected metals.
Results and Discussion Concentrations of the selected metals in soils at Qujiang were far above their environmental background values in the area,
except for Fe and Mn, whilst at Dinghushan, they were far below their background values, except for Cd and Co. Levels of the
metals, in particular Pb and Zn, in the soils beneath the sample trees at Qujiang were higher than those at Dinghushan with
statistical significance. The result suggested that the pine forest soils at Qujiang had a great input of heavy metals from
wet and dry atmospheric deposition, with the Pb-Zn smeltery most probably being the source.
Levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Pb at Qujiang, both in the inner and the outer bark, were statistically higher than those
at Dinghushan. Higher concentrations of Pb, Fe, Zn and Cu may come from the stem-flow of elements leached from the canopy,
soil splash on the 1.5 m height and sorption of metals in the mosses and lichens growing on the bark, which were direct or
indirect results from the atmospheric deposition. Levels of heavy metals in the outer barks were associated well with the
metal concentrations in the soil, reflecting the close relationships between the metal atmospheric deposition and their accumulation
in the outer bark of Masson pine. The significant (p<0.01) correlations of Fe-Cu, Fe-Cr, Fe-Pb, Fe-Ni, Pb-Ni, and Pb-Zn in
the outer barks at Qujiang again suggested a common source for the metals. The correlation only occurred between Pb and Ni,
Cd and Co in the outer barks at Dinghushan, which suggested that those metals must possibly have other uncommon sources.
Conclusions Atmospheric deposition of the selected metals was great at Qujiang, based on the levels in the bark of Pinus massoniana and on the concentrations in the soils beneath the trees compared with that at Dinghushan. Bark of Pinus massoniana, especially the outer bark, was an indicator of metal loading at least at the time of sampling.
Recommendations and Perspectives The results from this study and the techniques employed constituted a new contribution to the development of biogeochemical
methods for environmental monitoring particularly in areas with high frequency of pollution in China. The method would be
of value for follow up studies aimed at the assessment of industrial pollution in other areas similar with the Pearl River
Delta. 相似文献
146.
基于2015~2018年苏州张家港站CO2在线观测数据,采用时序检查、选取稳定性数据、异常值剔除等质量控制方法获得可靠数据,并通过平均移动过滤(MAF)本底筛分法获得本底数据,讨论苏南地区CO2变化特征.结果发现:CO2本底浓度日变化为单峰结构,谷值和峰值分别出现在下午15:00和凌晨5:00前后;季节变化为双峰结构,峰值分别出现在12月和4月;日、季节变化的分布特征均与陆地生态系统、气象条件和人类活动有关.此外,2015~2018年CO2浓度呈逐年上升趋势,抬升浓度占比逐年增加,吸收浓度占比波动较小,表明人类活动对CO2浓度的影响正在逐年增加;而陆地生态系统对CO2吸收汇的作用则相对稳定.源汇分析显示,CO2抬升浓度随季节小幅波动;吸收浓度则夏半年较低,冬半年较高;抬升浓度日变化为单峰结构,谷值和峰值分别出现在15:00和8:00前后,早晨正值上班高峰,机动车排放可能为早晨峰值的主要因素;吸收浓度日间低、夜间高,这主要与植物光合作用及对流输送有关.分析CO2浓度与风的关系发现,所有季节静风情况下,CO2浓度偏高均最为明显,大部分方向CO2浓度高低与风速大小有明显的负相关,其中S~WNW方向偏高最为明显,这可能是因为SW~NW方向主要为内陆城市群,且测站周边建筑区主要位于W~N方向,弱风有利于本地排放累积的结果.此外,WNW方向风速较大时浓度仍偏高明显,可能与测站W~N方向为建筑区及内陆城市群有关;而测站偏东方向主要为农田和林区,受人类活动影响较小,且海上气流较为洁净,故偏东风较弱时浓度也不高;说明了CO2浓度除了与风速大小有关外,与周边下垫面类型及较远距离环境特征(城市群或海洋)也有一定的关系. 相似文献
147.
148.
George P. Ingersoll M. Alisa Mast Donald H. Campbell David W. Clow Leora Nanus John T. Turk 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2008,42(24):6098-6113
Seasonal snowpack chemistry data from the Rocky Mountain region of the US was examined to identify long-term trends in concentration and chemical deposition in snow and in snow-water equivalent. For the period 1993–2004, comparisons of trends were made between 54 Rocky Mountain Snowpack sites and 16 National Atmospheric Deposition Program wetfall sites located nearby in the region. The region was divided into three subregions: Northern, Central, and Southern. A non-parametric correlation method known as the Regional Kendall Test was used. This technique collectively computed the slope, direction, and probability of trend for several sites at once in each of the Northern, Central, and Southern Rockies subregions. Seasonal Kendall tests were used to evaluate trends at individual sites.Significant trends occurred during the period in wetfall and snowpack concentrations and deposition, and in precipitation. For the comparison, trends in concentrations of ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate for the two networks were in fair agreement. In several cases, increases in ammonium and nitrate concentrations, and decreases in sulfate concentrations for both wetfall and snowpack were consistent in the three subregions. However, deposition patterns between wetfall and snowpack more often were opposite, particularly for ammonium and nitrate. Decreases in ammonium and nitrate deposition in wetfall in the central and southern rockies subregions mostly were moderately significant (p<0.11) in constrast to highly significant increases in snowpack (p<0.02). These opposite trends likely are explained by different rates of declining precipitation during the recent drought (1999–2004) and increasing concentration. Furthermore, dry deposition was an important factor in total deposition of nitrogen in the region. Sulfate deposition decreased with moderate to high significance in all three subregions in both wetfall and snowpack. Precipitation trends consistently were downward and significant for wetfall, snowpack, and snow-telemetry data for the central and southern rockies subregions (p<0.03), while no trends were noted for the Northern Rockies subregion. 相似文献
149.
油气集输站安全监控预警及管理信息系统的开发 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
提出油气集输站安全监控预警及管理信息系统建设的调研内容、需求分析以及安全相关控制系统的风险分析流程。设计了该系统建设的4层结构框架和拓扑图,深入研究了实时参数监控、分级报警与安全保护控制、智能诊断与预警、多媒体监控、安全生产管理信息子系统的主要开发内容和功能实现。 相似文献
150.
Empirical and simulated critical loads for nitrogen deposition in California mixed conifer forests 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fenn ME Jovan S Yuan F Geiser L Meixner T Gimeno BS 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,155(3):492-511
Empirical critical loads (CL) for N deposition were determined from changes in epiphytic lichen communities, elevated NO(3)(-) leaching in streamwater, and reduced fine root biomass in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) at sites with varying N deposition. The CL for lichen community impacts of 3.1kg ha(-1) year(-1) is expected to protect all components of the forest ecosystem from the adverse effects of N deposition. Much of the western Sierra Nevada is above the lichen-based CL, showing significant changes in lichen indicator groups. The empirical N deposition threshold and that simulated by the DayCent model for enhanced NO(3)(-)leaching were 17kg N ha(-1) year(-1). DayCent estimated that elevated NO(3)(-) leaching in the San Bernardino Mountains began in the late 1950s. Critical values for litter C:N (34.1), ponderosa pine foliar N (1.1%), and N concentrations (1.0%) in the lichen Letharia vulpina ((L.) Hue) are indicative of CL exceedance. 相似文献